The best time to visit Carlsbad Caverns is during the spring and fall months, specifically between April and May or September and October. During these periods, temperatures are more moderate, making it comfortable to explore the caves and the surrounding area. Additionally, the park tends to be less crowded during these shoulder seasons, providing a more enjoyable experience. Keep in mind that the bat flight program, a popular attraction at Carlsbad Caverns, usually runs from late May to October, so if you're interested in witnessing this event, plan your visit accordingly.